{"id":28,"date":"2021-12-06T10:44:44","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T09:44:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/?page_id=28"},"modified":"2023-09-18T17:06:29","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T15:06:29","slug":"jozef-czapski-prazsky-rodak-malir-a-spisovatel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u00f3zef Czapski: Pra\u017esk\u00fd rod\u00e1k, mal\u00ed\u0159 a spisovatel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Poch\u00e1zel z Prahy, v\u011bt\u0161inu \u017eivota str\u00e1vil v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a stal se jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch polsk\u00fdch mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f 20. stolet\u00ed. A tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z t\u011bch n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo polsk\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed unikli katy\u0148sk\u00e9mu masakru. V osudech J\u00f3zefa Czapsk\u00e9ho se zrcadl\u00ed pohnut\u00e9 modern\u00ed d\u011bjiny st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

J\u00f3zef Czapski se narodil 2. dubna 1896 v Praze, v s\u00eddle rodiny sv\u00e9 matky, rodu Thun-Hohenstein, v Nerudov\u011b ulici (dnes Kolovratsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c, s\u00eddlo Velvyslanectv\u00ed Italsk\u00e9 republiky). Byl pok\u0159t\u011bn\u00fd v bl\u00edzk\u00e9m kostele svat\u00e9ho Mikul\u00e1\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161inu ml\u00e1d\u00ed v\u0161ak str\u00e1vil na panstv\u00ed sv\u00e9ho polsk\u00e9ho otce v dne\u0161n\u00ed B\u011blarusi, na d\u00e1vn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch polsko-litevsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu uloupen\u00fdch koncem 18. stolet\u00ed Rusk\u00fdm imp\u00e9riem. Studia zah\u00e1jil v Petrohradu, dokon\u010dil je nicm\u00e9n\u011b a\u017e po 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce v Krakov\u011b, tehdy u\u017e v samostatn\u00e9ho Polska, za jeho\u017e nez\u00e1vislost bojoval se zbrani v ruce. Rodov\u00e9 panstv\u00ed, kde pro\u017eil d\u011btstv\u00ed, ov\u0161em obsadili bol\u0161evici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1924 vyrazil poprv\u00e9 do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, dal\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 se mu stalo osudn\u00fdm. Byl u\u017e tehdy nad\u011bjn\u00fdm mlad\u00fdm mal\u00ed\u0159em a rychle pronikl do um\u011bleck\u00fdch kruh\u016f francouzsk\u00e9 metropole. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b rok 1939 ho zastihl op\u011bt v Polsku \u2013 byl povol\u00e1n do arm\u00e1dy, av\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed upadl do sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho zajet\u00ed. Spolu s tis\u00edci dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fstojn\u00edky byl odvle\u010den do zajateck\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora ve Starob\u011blsku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eDo t\u00e1bora Starob\u011blsk bylo dopraveno 3920 d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f spole\u010dn\u011b s n\u011bkolika des\u00edtkami v\u011bz\u0148\u016f civilist\u016f a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 prapor\u010d\u00edk\u016f a podprapor\u010d\u00edk\u016f. P\u0159e\u017eilo jich to pouze 79. J\u00e1 jsem jedn\u00edm z nich. V\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed zmizeli beze stopy,\u201c vzpom\u00ednal pozd\u011bji.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni jeho druhov\u00e9 (a tis\u00edce dal\u0161\u00edch) byli povra\u017ed\u011bni v tzv. katy\u0148sk\u00e9m masakru. Czapski se v sov\u011btsk\u00fdch l\u00e1grech do\u017eil dohody mezi polskou exilovou vl\u00e1dou a Stalinem a byl pov\u011b\u0159en p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00edm po ztracen\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edc\u00edch. Pot\u00e9, co se v \u0159ad\u00e1ch polsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy gener\u00e1la Anderse dostal pry\u010d ze Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, stal se jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sv\u011bdk\u016f vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed katy\u0148sk\u00e9ho zlo\u010din\u016f a tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch autor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed psali o gulaz\u00edch. Jeho kni\u017en\u011b vydan\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky byly v\u0161ak bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po v\u00e1lce ozna\u010deny v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b za proml\u010den\u00e9. Kritika Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu toti\u017e nebyla v tehdej\u0161\u00edch intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edch kruz\u00edch v kurzu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Czapski se nemohl po roce 1945 do komunisty okupovan\u00e9ho Polska vr\u00e1tit. Us\u00eddlil se proto ve sv\u00e9 milovan\u00e9 Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kde ov\u0161em op\u011bt v\u00fdznamn\u011b zas\u00e1hl do kulturn\u00edch d\u011bjin sv\u00e9 vlasti a cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy: byl jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f revue Kultura, nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho exilov\u00e9ho periodika st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch exulant\u016f. Vr\u00e1til se i k malov\u00e1n\u00ed a v roce 1953 uspo\u0159\u00e1dal v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei svoji prvn\u00ed samostatnou v\u00fdstavu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u017eil se svobody n\u00e1rod\u016f st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. Zem\u0159el 12. ledna 1993. V \u010cesku byl \u2013 jako\u017eto postava na komunistick\u00e9m indexu zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch autor\u016f \u2013 v podstat\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00fd. V Praze se v\u00fdstava jeho maleb konala poprv\u00e9 v roce 1996. Jeho nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kniha V nelidsk\u00e9 zemi<\/em> vy\u0161la \u010desky v roce 2020 v nakladatelstv\u00ed Academia. V prosinci 2021, 125 let od narozen\u00ed J\u00f3zefa Czapsk\u00e9ho, byla na jeho rodn\u00e9m dom\u011b spole\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm Institutu Polonika, Polsk\u00e9ho institutu v Praze a Velvyslanectv\u00ed Polsk\u00e9 republiky um\u00edst\u011bna pam\u011btn\u00ed deska \u2013 prvn\u00ed trval\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pra\u017esk\u00e9ho rod\u00e1ka mezi velik\u00e1ny polsk\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u00a9Succession J\u00f3zef Czapski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a9Succession J\u00f3zef Czapski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u00a9Succession J\u00f3zef Czapski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u00a9Succession J\u00f3zef Czapski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a9Succession J\u00f3zef Czapski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\u00a9Succession J\u00f3zef Czapski<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Poch\u00e1zel z Prahy, v\u011bt\u0161inu \u017eivota str\u00e1vil v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a stal se jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch polsk\u00fdch mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f 20. stolet\u00ed. A tak\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z t\u011bch n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo polsk\u00fdch d\u016fstojn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed unikli katy\u0148sk\u00e9mu masakru. V osudech J\u00f3zefa Czapsk\u00e9ho se zrcadl\u00ed pohnut\u00e9 modern\u00ed d\u011bjiny st\u0159edn\u00ed Evropy. J\u00f3zef Czapski se narodil 2. dubna 1896 v Praze, v s\u00eddle rodiny sv\u00e9 matky, rodu Thun-Hohenstein, v Nerudov\u011b ulici (dnes Kolovratsk\u00fd… Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed J\u00f3zef Czapski: Pra\u017esk\u00fd rod\u00e1k, mal\u00ed\u0159 a spisovatel<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":58,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-28","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":349,"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/28\/revisions\/349"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.czapski.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}